Nanoparticle materials are also called ultrafine particle materials, which are composed of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles refer to materials that have at least one dimension in the nanometer size (0.1-100 nm) or are composed of them as basic units in a three-dimensional space, which is approximately equivalent to a scale of 10-100 atoms closely arranged together. The size of the nanoparticle is in the transition zone between the cluster of atoms and the macroscopic object. From the usual microscopic and macroscopic point of view, such a system is neither a typical microscopic system nor a typical macroscopic system. It is a typical medium. Viewing the system, it has surface effects, small size effects and macroscopic quantum tunneling effects.
When people subdivide a macroscopic object into ultrafine particles (nano-level), it will show many strange properties, namely its optical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical properties and the phase of bulk solids. Than will be significantly different.
The broad scope of nanotechnology can include nano material technology and nano processing technology, nano measurement technology, nano application technology and so on. Among them, nano-material technology focuses on the production of nano-functional materials (superfine powder, coating, nano-modified materials, etc.), performance testing technology (chemical composition, microstructure, surface morphology, material, chemical, electrical, magnetic, thermal and optical, etc.) performance). Nano processing technology includes precision processing technology (energy beam processing, etc.) and scanning probe technology.